Price and Costs

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On this page, you’ll find the Center’s research on the complex world of pharmaceutical pricing. Our focus will be breaking down current pharmaceutical pricing structures and processes and potential reforms to improve efficiency and innovation; evaluating the impact of regulatory-created inefficiencies such as Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBMs) and the 340B program; and analyzing how policy proposals such as price controls and drug importation would undermine competition.

January 17, 2025 Blog, Briefs, Issues, Price and Costs

PRI’s scholars responded to today’s action by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid (CMS) announcing 15 additional drugs under Medicare Part D that will be subject to government price setting effective January 1, 2027.  The action was authorized by the Inflation Reduction Act signed by President Biden in August 2022. According to Sally C. Pipes, PRI President, CEO, and Thomas W. Smith Fellow in Health Care Policy and author of the soon-to-be published book The World’s Medicine Chest: How America Achieved...

January 7, 2025 Briefs, Innovation, Price and Costs, Studies

READ THE PDF Executive Summary Reforms that will strengthen the biosimilar market and expand savings opportunities include: Reforming (ideally repealing) the Inflation Reduction Act’s price control measures. Improving the incentives underlying the current buy-and-bill system to better align the financial incentives of providers, payers, and patients. Promoting greater transparency to the opaque drug rebating system including addressing the rebate wall problem through comprehensive reform or prohibiting the anti-competitive rebating practices that are generally outlawed in other markets. Given biosimilars’ demonstrated ability to...

January 6, 2025 Price and Costs

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has proposed a rule expanding Medicare and Medicaid patients’ access to anti-obesity drugs such as GLP-1s. Congress is also considering such a move. Expanding coverage to these patient groups makes sense. Read the op-ed here....

December 2, 2024 Briefs, Innovation, Price and Costs, Studies

READ THE PDF Executive Summary The Inflation Reduction Act’s price controls discourage biosimilar development. Payment system inefficiencies, such as the buy-and-bill payment system and rebate walls, disincentivize the use of lower cost biosimilars. Despite the savings biosimilars have already enabled, there are barriers to further progress. First, the price controls from the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) disincentivize biosimilar development. Second, the convoluted pricing system discourages greater use of lower cost alternatives. How the payment system disincentivizes their use varies depending on whether...

October 28, 2024 Briefs, Innovation, Price and Costs, Studies

READ THE PDF Executive Summary Since 2019, biosimilars have obtained a majority share of most markets where they compete. The combination of lower prices (both biosimilar and originator) and rising market share could have generated up to $35 billion in savings in 2024 dollars compared to an all-originator baseline based on PRI’s latest analysis. These savings demonstrate that, just like with small molecule medicines, biosimilars strike a beneficial balance between incentivizing innovation and promoting affordability. Lower-cost Biosimilars Are Gaining Market Share The share...

October 9, 2024 Innovation, Multimedia, Policy Proposals, Price and Costs

Low-cost biosimilars generated $19 billion in savings value in today’s dollars in 2023. But obstacles in the current drug pricing system meant that billions of dollars in potential savings were left unrealized. Join the Pacific Research Institute’s Center for Medical Economics and Innovation and panel of experts for a brief, informative webinar discussing how potential reforms can improve competition, generate more savings, and better serve patients and taxpayers. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-m7lNXr_dAw...

September 24, 2024 Price and Costs

Last week, a House subcommittee held a hearing on pharmacy benefit managers and their impact on the prices patients pay for prescription drugs.The hearing speaks to voters' concerns. Republicans and Democrats alike have identified the cost of prescription drugs as their No. 2 health care concern, according to polling this month from KFF.And PBMs deserve congressional scrutiny. These middlemen have used their enormous influence in the drug market to make prescription medications unaffordable for a sizable share of patients. Read the...

September 18, 2024 Innovation, Price and Costs

In a patently politicized press release, Senator Bernie Sanders (I-VT) who is  Chairman of the Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee, claims that the U.S. price of Ozempic is too high. As evidence, he cites generic companies that claim they can sell Ozempic for less than $100 a month, an inherently flawed JAMA study that claims that these same diabetes drugs can be profitably produced for less than $5 a month, and inaccurate price comparisons with other countries. Debunking...

September 16, 2024 Price and Costs

It's easier to have a car or refrigerator shipped to your home these days than a prescription. To get even the most common prescription drug still requires a visit to the doctor, a trip to the pharmacy, and a convoluted series of negotiations between insurers, middlemen, and pharmaceutical companies. Fortunately, that's starting to change. In recent months, drug companies Pfizer and Eli Lilly have begun rolling out direct-to-consumer programs that let patients purchase basic prescriptions remotely. Read the full article at Forbes...

September 9, 2024 Policy Proposals, Price and Costs

The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) effectively imposed price controls on a portion of the pharmaceutical market. Worse, by design, the reach of these price controls will expand every year. The intended consequence of the policy is to reduce overall spending on drugs, but all regulations have unintended consequences, too. While these consequences may be unintended, they need not be unexpected. In the case of the IRA, these unintended impacts now threaten to undermine the entire purpose of the policy. Read the full...

August 27, 2024 Price and Costs

Medicare this month announced the end of its first round of "negotiations" over the prices of 10 prescription drugs covered under the Part D benefit as authorized by the Inflation Reduction Act. The results the Biden administration has delivered are a lot less dramatic than they're letting on. According to the White House, the program will save the federal government an estimated $6 billion in 2026, the first year the new prices will be in effect, while reducing costs for seniors...

August 26, 2024 Price and Costs

Dozens of state and local governments are suing drug companies and pharmacy benefit managers, alleging that they're unfairly hiking the price of insulin. The plaintiffs say they're fighting for patients. They're less forthcoming about the fact that they've profited handsomely from the system they're now decrying. For years, these cities and states have insisted on a cut—if not all—of the rebates that these pharmacy benefit managers extract from drug makers when negotiating over whether and how to cover specific drugs.  ...

August 15, 2024 Blog, Innovation, Policy Proposals, Price and Costs

The federal government has announced the long-awaited results from the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act’s (IRA) drug price negotiations.[1] The Biden Administration has been crowing that they have achieved “a historic moment that will help lower prescription drug prices for millions of people across America.” Nothing could be further from the truth. The Biden Administration has sold out patients and the hope for future cures to achieve results that pale in comparison to the benefits enabled by efficient market competition. According to...

August 12, 2024 Issues, Price and Costs

Any day now, the Biden administration will publish the prices it has set for ten drugs covered by Medicare's Part D prescription drug benefit. These price controls will provide "meaningful financial relief for millions of people with Medicare," administration officials say. Many seniors are about to see just how false that promise is. Millions of beneficiaries won't see a nickel in relief at the pharmacy counter. In fact, their costs will go up. Click to read the full article in Forbes. ...

July 26, 2024 Issues, Price and Costs

By Anthony M. DiGiorgio, DO, MHA and Wayne Winegarden, PhD Enacted by the US Congress in 1992 to help entities serving lower-income and uninsured patients stretch their resources, the 340B Drug Pricing Program mandated drug companies give large discounts to covered entities (CEs). Judging the program on its outcomes, not its intentions, there is growing evidence that the 340B program fails to achieve its primary goal. Giving discounts to entities, rather than to patients, primarily shifts resources from payers and drug companies to...

July 22, 2024 Issues, Price and Costs

Earlier this month, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved donanemab, a novel treatment for Alzheimer's disease that Eli Lilly will sell under the brand name Kisunla. The drug targets amyloid, a type of protein that builds up in the brains of people with the disease. It was shown to slow the progression of Alzheimer's by 35% over 18 months compared to a placebo. Donanemab's approval comes about a year after the agency gave the green light to lecanemab, another monoclonal antibody proven to slow...

June 27, 2024 Issues, Price and Costs

House lawmakers recently introduced legislation that would at last repair a program meant to provide low-income Americans with affordable medicine. In theory, the federal 340B Program, named after the section of the 1992 law establishing it, allows hospitals serving underprivileged groups to buy medications at steep discounts. The idea was to improve access to drugs in areas where price was a barrier. The problem is that the law has a loophole big enough to drive an ambulance through. Hospitals have exploited it,...

June 25, 2024 Issues, Price and Costs

The Biden administration proposed a rule this month that would remove medical debt from credit reports. It's sure to be popular, if for no other reason than that it's expected to boost credit scores for the more than 15 million people with such debt by an average of 20 points. But as with so many of President Joe Biden's signature health reforms, his latest ploy fails even the most basic cost-benefit analysis. Implicit in the proposal are two assumptions. Click to read the...