Studies

Home > Resources  > Studies

December 22, 2025 Briefs, Studies

SACRAMENTO. (December 22, 2025) — The free-market Pacific Research Institute today released an issue brief finding that the Trump administration's proposed 50% tax on patent revenue from inventions created using federal grants would disincentivize universities from expending the time, money, and effort to engage in federally-funded research. "Universities respond to incentives just like private companies do," said Sally C. Pipes, the author of the issue brief and PRI President, CEO, and Thomas W. Smith Fellow in Health Care Policy. "If Washington...

November 4, 2025 Briefs, Studies

SACRAMENTO – Proposed reforms to fix the problems with the current Medicare bidding process for acquiring prosthetics, CPAP machines, wheelchairs and other durable medical equipment don’t go far enough to fix the fundamental flaws in the process, finds a new brief released today by the Center for Medical Economics and Innovation at the nonpartisan, California-based, free market think tank, the Pacific Research Institute. Click here to download the brief “Medicare’s current broken bidding process drives up taxpayer costs, promotes the use of...

October 1, 2025 Briefs, Policy Proposals, Price and Costs, Studies

SACRAMENTO – As California prepares to restrict access to proven private health insurers for dual eligible Medicare and Medi-Cal patients, the Center for Medical Economics and Innovation at the Pacific Research Institute – the nonpartisan, California-based, free market think tank – today released a new brief showing that expanding competition—not imposing new government restrictions—is the best way to lower costs, expand access, and improve patient outcomes. Download the new brief at www.medecon.org “California mistakenly believes that reducing health care choices will save...

August 4, 2025 Briefs, Industry Trends, Studies

SACRAMENTO – A new issue brief released today by the Center for Medical Economics and Innovation at the Pacific Research Institute calls for reforms to expand the reach of the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE), a joint Medicare and Medicaid program that delivers comprehensive medical and social care services to lower-income seniors eligible for nursing home-level care so they can live safely at home. Click here to download the brief Expanding PACE’s reach by supporting additional for-profit providers participating...

July 25, 2025 Blog, Briefs, Studies

SACRAMENTO – The Center for Medical Economics and Innovation at the Pacific Research Institute – a nonpartisan, California-based, free market think tank – today released a new issue brief warning that efforts by the Trump administration and some Republicans in Congress to embrace and expand the government price controls on prescription drugs – first introduced under the Inflation Reduction Act and signed into law by President Biden in August 2022 – would deal a major blow to American pharmaceutical innovation...

June 11, 2025 Briefs, Studies

The Pacific Research Institute’s Center for Medical Economics and Innovation today released a new issue brief warning that continued federal underpayment of doctors is fueling a looming healthcare crisis by accelerating the nation’s physician shortage and undermining access to care. Written by PRI senior fellow in business and economics and CMEI director Dr. Wayne Winegarden, the brief (titled “It’s Time for Medicare to Stop Shortchanging Physicians”) finds that Medicare reimbursement rates are well below market value and have failed to keep...

February 27, 2025 Briefs, Price and Costs, Studies

SACRAMENTO – Nevada taxpayers could face millions in new bureaucratic costs and patients will likely see less access to life-saving drugs if state government mandates so-called “Maximum Fair Price” price controls on prescription drugs, finds a new brief released today by the Center for Medical Economics and Innovation at the nonpartisan, California-based, free-market think tank, the Pacific Research Institute. “Some Nevada lawmakers want to enact government price controls on prescription drugs in the name of lowering costs for patients,” said Dr....

February 5, 2025 Briefs, Innovation, Price and Costs, Studies

READ THE PDF A California appellate court invented out of whole cloth a new and troubling theory of tort liability. Specifically, the court held that drug companies have a duty to develop and bring to market drugs that are supposedly safer and more effective than another, FDA-approved drug the company sells already. The claim rested on factual premises contradicted by all publicly available information, the acceptance of which could seriously disrupt the FDA approval process. This disruption gives rise to an...

January 7, 2025 Briefs, Innovation, Price and Costs, Studies

READ THE PDF Executive Summary Reforms that will strengthen the biosimilar market and expand savings opportunities include: Reforming (ideally repealing) the Inflation Reduction Act’s price control measures. Improving the incentives underlying the current buy-and-bill system to better align the financial incentives of providers, payers, and patients. Promoting greater transparency to the opaque drug rebating system including addressing the rebate wall problem through comprehensive reform or prohibiting the anti-competitive rebating practices that are generally outlawed in other markets. Given biosimilars’ demonstrated ability to...

December 2, 2024 Briefs, Innovation, Price and Costs, Studies

READ THE PDF Executive Summary The Inflation Reduction Act’s price controls discourage biosimilar development. Payment system inefficiencies, such as the buy-and-bill payment system and rebate walls, disincentivize the use of lower cost biosimilars. Despite the savings biosimilars have already enabled, there are barriers to further progress. First, the price controls from the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) disincentivize biosimilar development. Second, the convoluted pricing system discourages greater use of lower cost alternatives. How the payment system disincentivizes their use varies depending on whether...

October 28, 2024 Briefs, Innovation, Price and Costs, Studies

READ THE PDF Executive Summary Since 2019, biosimilars have obtained a majority share of most markets where they compete. The combination of lower prices (both biosimilar and originator) and rising market share could have generated up to $35 billion in savings in 2024 dollars compared to an all-originator baseline based on PRI’s latest analysis. These savings demonstrate that, just like with small molecule medicines, biosimilars strike a beneficial balance between incentivizing innovation and promoting affordability. Lower-cost Biosimilars Are Gaining Market Share The share...

October 1, 2024 Briefs, Innovation, Studies

READ THE PDF Executive Summary In the competitive biologic markets, biosimilars have reduced average prices by 56 percent. The lower prices have reduced total expenditures by 51 percent in the competitive biologic markets even though total use is higher. Developing biosimilars is a long and costly endeavor that can take up to 9 years and $300 million. Market conditions should encourage uptake and appropriate reimbursement for physicians and manufacturers. Biologics – innovative medicines made, or derived, from biological processes – treat devastating...

July 25, 2024 Briefs, Studies

SACRAMENTO – A new brief released today by the Center for Medical Economics and Innovation at the nonpartisan Pacific Research Institute finds that artificially low reimbursement rates used by Medicare to contain costs are threatening patient care, and reform is needed to prevent future doctor shortages. Click to download the brief “Price controls used by government-run health care systems globally to contain costs lead to delays, lower quality, and worse health outcomes,” said Dr. Wayne Winegarden, director of PRI’s Center for Medical...

June 11, 2024 Briefs, Innovation, Resources, Studies

A new brief released today by the Center for Medical Economics and Innovation at the nonpartisan Pacific Research Institute provides the latest evidence that biosimilar competition is saving patients billions – and additional competition would increase savings even more. Click to download the brief From 2019-2023, patients saved $15 billion from biosimilar competition.  Had there been competition during the same period for two other biologics, Humira and Enbrel, patients would have saved another $13 billion, for a total of $28 billion. “The growing...

February 7, 2024 Briefs, Studies

SACRAMENTO – Fixing the current broken system that incentivizes pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) to enact policies that benefit themselves and insurers at the expense of patients would lead to lower patient drug costs, finds a new brief released today by the Center for Medical Economics and Innovation at the nonpartisan Pacific Research Institute. Click to download the brief “The current system incentivizes PBMs to implement policies that benefit insurers and themselves, while making drugs less affordable and available,” said Dr. Wayne Winegarden,...

September 26, 2023 Briefs, Coronavirus-Alternate2, Issues, Resources, Studies

SACRAMENTO – States that had more invasive COVID-19 restrictions saw small reductions in COVID-19 infection and mortality rates, but saw large negative impacts on employment, economic growth, and children’s education outcomes, finds a new brief released today by the Center for Medical Economics and Innovation at the nonpartisan Pacific Research Institute. Click to download the brief “Looking at the data, states with stricter COVID-19 public health policies did see small health benefits from reduced infections and mortality rates – but at the...

August 28, 2023 Multimedia, Studies

Watch as the Professor buys a bike for Penny to show how the broken health care payment system hurts Medicare patients. They explore that by creating a support program based on income, we can help Medicare patients buy private insurance instead of being stuck with poor government care. READ THE STUDY   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvlwyvVGcNY...

August 4, 2023 Briefs, Multimedia, Studies

Watch as Penny is unhappy that she has to enter the geography bee instead of the science fair due to bureaucratic rules at school. The Professor explores how, much in the same way, eliminating unnecessary barriers can produce a more efficient and productive health care system. To learn more, read the Coverage Denied series at www.medecon.org   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RmLoJWQ935M...

June 20, 2023 Briefs, Studies

Providing cash-based support to the vulnerable to purchase private health insurance would increase access to quality healthcare at roughly the same per enrollee costs as Medicaid programs - finds the latest paper in the Coverage Denied series released today by the Center for Medical Economics and Innovation at the nonpartisan Pacific Research Institute. Click to download the brief “Tens of millions are stuck in a flawed government-run healthcare system that provides sub-par care to patients, imposes huge taxpayer costs, and harms the...

January 4, 2023 Briefs, Studies

DOWNLOAD THE BRIEF   Executive Summary Declining productivity growth in the delivery of healthcare is not innate to the sector. It simply reflects the current policy environment. Incentivizing a more productive and cost-effective healthcare provider sector is possible but requires comprehensive policy reforms that eliminate the obstacles blocking progress. These reforms include: Implementing the insurance reforms discussed in Part 5 that, from a provider perspective, will incentivize the creation of innovative payment models. New payment models create opportunities to better align the incentives...